How To Clean a Hot Tub: A Comprehensive Guide

*Costs in this article sourced from estimates used by Angi.

A well-maintained hot tub provides a relaxing oasis, but neglecting its care can lead to health risks and costly repairs.

This guide will walk you through the process of cleaning your hot tub effectively, from understanding its components to troubleshooting common issues. Whether you’re a new hot tub owner or looking to improve your maintenance routine, you’ll find valuable tips to keep your spa sparkling clean and inviting.

Understanding Your Hot Tub’s Components

Before cleaning, we recommend familiarizing yourself with your hot tub’s major parts. Knowing these components will help you clean more effectively and spot potential issues early on.

The Spa Shell and Jets

The spa shell is a hot tub’s central basin or sitting area, and most shells are acrylic or thermoplastic. The shell also houses the jet heads, which circulate water and provide the massaging action that makes hot tubs so enjoyable.

Regular cleaning of both the shell and the jets prevents the buildup of oils, soap residue, and bacteria.

Filters and Circulation System

The filtration system removes debris and contaminants from the water as it circulates. Most hot tubs have one or more removable filters, which require regular cleaning and occasional replacement.

The circulation system includes pumps and pipes that move water through the filters and jets.

Cover and Accessories

Your hot tub cover prevents debris from entering the tub when not in use. Accessories like headrests and drink holders add comfort but require cleaning to stop the growth of mold and mildew.

Essential Tools and Materials for Hot Tub Cleaning

Here’s what you’ll need to keep your hot tub in top condition.

Cleaning Solutions and Chemicals

• Hot tub-specific surface cleaner
• Line flush product
• pH balancers
• Sanitizers (chlorine or bromine)
• Test strips for water chemistry

Equipment and Accessories

• Garden hose with spray nozzle
• Non-abrasive sponges or soft cloths
• Rubber gloves
• Submersible pump (optional for faster draining)
• Wet/dry vacuum (helpful for removing residual water and cleaning fluid)

How To Clean Your Hot Tub

To properly deep clean your hot tub, we recommend taking the following steps:

1. Remove the cover and any accessories, like pillows and headrests.
2. With the hot tub running, add a line cleaner to the water. Doing so will allow the cleaner to circulate through the system, removing unwanted bacteria, algae, and possible biofilm from the water lines and within the jet heads.
3. Turn the tub off and cut its power source off at the circuit breaker.
4. Drain the tub through the drain plug or with a submersible pump. Use a wet/dry vacuum to remove any residual water.
   Note: Before draining water onto the ground or into a drain, check local ordinances for the acceptable way to discard chemically treated water.
5. Check the entire unit, inside and out, for wear and any damage.
6. Wear rubber gloves, scrub the shell with a non-abrasive sponge and specialty surface cleaner, or use a homemade solution like white vinegar and water. Thoroughly rinse the shell to eliminate any cleaning residue, and dry with a towel.
7. Use a similar method to clean the removable headrests and pillows. Then, rinse and reinstall them.
8. Remove the filters and gently clean out any debris with your fingers. If your filters are heavily soiled, we recommend soaking them in a cleaning solution overnight. Then rinse and reinstall.
9. Remove the jets and soak them in a solution of vinegar and water. As with the filters, soak heavily soiled jets overnight. Wipe down and rinse the jets before reinstalling them.
10. Run water through the filters to refill the tub.
11. While you wait for the tub to fill up, inspect the cover for signs of wear or mildew and treat it with a vinyl cleaner.
12. Finally, power your tub back on, treat the water with chemicals, and cover it for 24 hours to let the water and chemicals circulate.

If your hot tub has an exposed exterior cabinet, clean it in accordance with the manufacturer’s directions.

How To Clean a Hot Tub That’s Been Sitting Unused

A neglected hot tub may require extra attention. Here’s how to tackle a hot tub that’s been sitting unused.

Assess the Condition

First, examine the water and surfaces for signs of algae, mold, or excessive debris. Check for any unpleasant odors, which could indicate bacterial growth. Inspect the cover for damage or mildew, as it may need separate cleaning or replacement.

Deep Clean

1. Follow the draining steps outlined earlier.
2. Once empty, scrub the shell with a mixture of white vinegar and water to disinfect and remove any buildup.
3. Pay special attention to hard-to-reach areas and jet openings.
4. Clean or replace the filters, depending on their condition.
5. Refill and shock the water with a high dose of sanitizer.
6. Run the system for several hours, then drain and refill before regular use.

Natural Cleaning Methods for Hot Tubs

For those seeking eco-friendly options, there are natural alternatives to harsh chemicals for cleaning your hot tub.

Vinegar-Based Solutions

White vinegar is an effective, natural cleaner for hot tubs. Mix equal parts water and vinegar to create a solution for cleaning the shell, jets, and even soaking filters. It’s particularly good at removing scale and mineral deposits.

Other Eco-Friendly Alternatives

Here are a couple of nontoxic alternative cleaners:

• Baking soda works well as a mild abrasive, ideal for scrubbing surfaces.
• Enzyme-based cleaners break down organic matter without harsh chemicals.

Maintaining Your Hot Tub Between Deep Cleans

Regular maintenance keeps your hot tub clean and reduces the need for frequent deep cleanings.

We recommend carrying out the following tasks at regular intervals.

Weekly Maintenance Tasks

• Add sanitizer as needed to maintain hygienic levels.
• Check the water for clarity and unusual odors.
• Test and adjust water chemistry two to three times per week.
• Wipe down the waterline with a soft cloth to prevent scum buildup.

Monthly Upkeep Routines

• Check and clean the skimmer basket to improve water flow.
• Clean the filter by rinsing it thoroughly or soaking it in a cleaning solution.
• Inspect the cover for signs of wear or mildew and clean it with a vinyl cleaner.

Troubleshooting Common Hot Tub Cleaning Issues

Even with regular maintenance, you may encounter some cleaning challenges. Here’s how to address them.

Dealing with Stubborn Stains

To tackle stubborn stains on the hot tub’s shell, try a paste made from baking soda and water. Apply it to the stain, let it sit for a few minutes, then scrub gently.

For persistent issues, you may need to drain the hot tub and perform a more thorough cleaning.

Addressing Unpleasant Odors

Foul odors are often a sign of bacterial growth or chemical imbalance. Shock the water with a high dose of sanitizer and run the jets for several hours.

If the problem persists, you may need to drain and clean the tub, paying special attention to the plumbing lines where bacteria can hide.

Additional Tips for Hot Tub Care and Maintenance

To further enhance the longevity and performance of your hot tub, consider these additional tips and practices.

Using a Pre-Filter for Filling

When refilling your hot tub, use a pre-filter garden hose attachment to remove minerals and contaminants from the water. This step reduces the amount of work your chemical balancers need to do and keeps your filters cleaner longer.

Avoiding Soaps and Oils

Encourage users to rinse off before entering the hot tub to reduce the introduction of soaps and oils into the water. These substances can lead to increased foam and scum lines, complicating the cleaning process.

Regularly Inspecting Seals and Gaskets

Periodically check the seals and gaskets on your hot tub for signs of wear and tear. To prevent leaks, promptly replace any that are cracked, rigid, scaled over, or worn.

Professional Servicing

While most homeowners can handle routine maintenance, scheduling an annual professional servicing helps ensure that all components, such as heaters and pumps, function optimally. Professionals can also provide insights and tips tailored to your hot tub model.

Winterizing Your Hot Tub

If you live in a region with cold winters and plan to leave your hot tub unused, winterizing is important—failing to do so can lead to expensive damage.

To prevent frozen and burst pipes, completely drain the hot tub, including its pipes and pumps. Use a wet/dry vacuum to remove any remaining water, then cover the hot tub securely.

Our Conclusion

Maintaining a clean hot tub takes time and effort, but doing so protects your health and extends the life of your hot tub, saving you money in the long run.

Remember that prevention is key. Stick to a regular maintenance schedule, address issues promptly, and don’t hesitate to seek professional help for more complex problems like tears or leaks. With proper care, your hot tub will serve its most important function—as a means of relaxation.