Replacing damaged or outdated bathroom tiles can be a great upgrade without resorting to a full renovation. Whether you’re dealing with cracked tiles, outdated designs, or holes left from removing fixtures, replacing tiles is a manageable DIY project. This Old House carpenter Nathan Gilbert gives expert advice on how to successfully replace bathroom tiles.
Assessing the Damage
Before you start the tile replacement process, you need to assess the damage to your tiles and gather the necessary materials.
Identifying Tiles To Replace
Inspect your bathroom tiles to determine which ones need replacement. Look for cracked or chipped tiles, loose or missing tiles, tiles with drill holes from fixtures, or outdated and mismatched tiles.
Essential Tools and Materials
For a smooth tile replacement process, gather the following tools and materials:
- 1/8-inch notched trowel
- Caulking gun
- Hammer and cold chisel
- Pry bar
- Replacement tiles (matching the existing ones if possible)
- Small pail for mixing mortar
- Sponge
- Tile repair mortar
- Torpedo level
- Unsanded grout (in a matching color)
- Utility knife with a carbide-tipped blade
- Wet/dry vacuum
- Work gloves and safety glasses
Removing the Damaged Tiles
The first step to replacing bathroom tiles is carefully removing the damaged ones without harming surrounding tiles or the wall surface.
Preparing the Work Area
Before beginning the removal process, put on work gloves and safety glasses to protect yourself from sharp tile edges and debris. Cover the floor and nearby fixtures with drop cloths and make sure your bathroom has good ventilation to minimize dust accumulation.
Removing Grout and Loosening Tiles
The key to successful tile removal is patience and technique. Follow these steps:
- Use a utility knife to score the grout lines around the damaged tile. This helps prevent damage to nearby tiles.
- Use a grout removal tool to clear out as much grout as possible from around the tile.
- Create relief cuts in the damaged tile using a hammer and cold chisel. This makes it easier to remove the tile in pieces.
- Carefully pry the tile pieces away from the wall using a pry bar, working slowly to minimize damage to the underlying surface.
Cleaning the Work Surface
Once the damaged tiles are removed:
- Use a wet/dry vacuum to remove loose debris and dust from the work area.
- Wipe down the exposed wall surface with a dry sponge so it’s clean and ready for the new tile.
Preparing the Wall Surface
Before installing new tiles, you must prepare the wall surface to create a strong bond and long-lasting results.
Assessing the Wall Material
Deciphering the wall’s material helps determine the right approach for preparation and adhesion. For instance, if your tiles are set on a gypsum board, you’ll need to be extra cautious, as this material is more prone to damage when removing old tiles, potentially requiring patching or replacement before new tiles can be installed. Cement board, on the other hand, is much more durable and resistant to moisture, making it an ideal base for tiling; however, removing tiles from this surface may require more effort and care to avoid damaging the board.
Plaster over wood or metal lath presents another challenge, as this traditional method creates a thick, solid surface, but it’s also prone to cracking during tile removal. Lastly, modern waterproof membrane systems, designed to protect the underlying structure from moisture, may necessitate specialized tools and techniques to ensure the membrane remains intact while removing and replacing tiles. Each of these wall materials demands a tailored approach to ensure a successful and long-lasting tile installation.
Repairing Any Damage
If there are holes or significant damage to the wall surface, use construction adhesive to fill any voids or holes to improve the integrity of the surface, providing a solid base for the new tile. Allow the adhesive to dry completely before proceeding with the installation.
Installing the New Tiles
With the wall surface prepared, you’re ready to install the new tiles. This process includes applying mortar, leveling the tiles, and allowing proper drying time before grouting.
Mixing and Applying Mortar
Tile repair mortar is the best choice for small replacement jobs. To prepare the mortar:
- Mix the tile repair mortar with water according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
- Use a small pail for mixing to avoid waste and make cleanup easier.
- Apply the mortar to the back of the tile using a 1/8-inch notched trowel, creating ridges for better adhesion.
Placing and Leveling the Tiles
To install the new tiles:
- Carefully position the tile in the empty space, aligning it with the surrounding tiles.
- Press the tile firmly against the wall, making sure it’s level with adjacent tiles.
- Use a torpedo level to check that the tile is aligned both horizontally and vertically.
- Make any necessary adjustments while the mortar is still wet.
Allowing Proper Drying Time
After placing the tiles, allow the mortar to set for about two hours, though this may be longer if you aren’t using a quick-setting product. Avoid touching or disturbing the tiles during this time for proper adhesion.
Grouting the New Tiles
The final step in replacing bathroom tiles is grouting, which fills the gaps between tiles and provides a finished look.
Choosing the Right Grout
For bathroom wall tiles with narrow grout lines, use unsanded grout. This type of grout is ideal for joints less than 1/8-inch wide. It prevents scratches on delicate tile surfaces and achieves a smooth finish in small spaces.
Applying and Tooling the Grout
To apply the grout:
- Cut the tip of the grout tube at a 45-degree angle for precise application.
- Carefully apply the grout into the joints between tiles using a caulking gun.
- Use a pencil eraser or a specialized grout tool to smooth the grout and remove excess.
- Clean any grout residue from the tile surfaces with a damp sponge before it dries.
Allowing Grout To Cure
After grouting, let it cure for at least 24 hours before exposing it to water or moisture. To prevent any issues, avoid using the shower or bathtub.
Applying Finishing Touches
Finishing touches can make a difference in your installation’s final look and durability. Simple additions and maintenance steps create a more polished look.
Caulking the Edges
After grouting, use a caulking gun to apply a bead of waterproof silicone caulk around the edges of the tiles, especially where they meet the bathtub, sink, or other fixtures. This seals the edges and prevents water from seeping behind the tiles, which can cause damage over time.
Sealing Grout Lines
To protect your grout from stains and moisture, apply a grout sealer 72 hours after grouting, following the manufacturer’s instructions. Reapply the sealer annually or as recommended by the product guidelines. Sealing is a necessary step to maintain your tiles and prolong the life of your grout.
Maintaining Your New Tiles
Regular maintenance will keep your newly replaced tiles in good condition. Maintain your bathroom tiles by wiping them down regularly with a mild, non-abrasive cleaner. Use a soft brush or sponge to clean grout lines, drying the area after use to prevent water pots and mineral buildup. Regular maintenance extends the lifespan of your tiles and grout.
Addressing Future Issues
To prevent small problems from becoming major issues, inspect your tiles regularly for signs of damage or wear. Address any loose or cracked tiles as you notice them to prevent water damage to the underlying wall. Re-caulk around tubs, sinks, and fixtures as needed to maintain a watertight seal.