How to Install an Attic Ladder

Whether it’s for mechanical equipment or extra storage, access to your attic space can be a game-changer. When a homeowner wanted to improve his attic access with a pull-down set of steps, he called Ask This Old House for help. Carpenter Nathan Gilbert arrived and installed a better option.

How to Install an Attic Ladder

1. First, gain access to the attic to get a look at the existing structure, wiring, plumbing, and insulation. Take some measurements to ensure your new attic door fits, and mark the rough opening length of the new ladder kit on the joists.
2. Working from above, drive two screws (one at each end of the rough opening) down through the ceiling below. Keep them close to the joists so you can tell where the framing is from below.
3. Measure the ceiling from below to ensure there’s enough room in the landing area for the attic ladder’s width and for the ladder to land safely on the floor below. The required spacing will be pointed out in the new attic stair kit.
4. Cut and install blocking at the top and bottom of the rough opening. Doubled 2x4s attached from the side of the joist are sufficient. And if necessary, reduce the opening width by sistering a 2×4 to the side of a joist (again, check the rough opening size listed with the attic ladder kit).
5. Using the blocking as a guide, drive four screws down through the drywall to mark the corners. Connect them with a straight edge before cutting the roofing material away with a reciprocating saw.

Note: Consider cutting the ceiling into two sections to make it easier to remove.

6. Send the ladder kit up into the attic before installing two 1×4 cleats across the underside of the opening. Place the ladder assembly on the cleats for a perfect, flush fit.
7. Use shims to center the ladder assembly in the opening and attach it to the existing framing with large construction screws (at least one in every corner, and one mid-span on each side).
8. Remove the cleats and open the ladder. Extend it to see how it fits. If it’s too long, fold up the bottom section and then use a tape measure to measure the distance between the floor and the bottom of the next ladder section, measuring in line from the rear of the section.
9. Measure and mark the back of the lower section using the measurement in the last step. Use a combination square to strike a square line, and cut the ladder section with a circular saw or jigsaw.
10. Trim all of the shims with an oscillating tool and install molding around the attic ladder assembly. Stuff insulation down between the assembly and the framing, and close off the opening with an insulated attic access cover.

Materials

• Plastic sheeting
• Finish nails
• 2×4 framing lumber
• Heavy-duty construction screws
• 1×4 lumber
• Attic ladder kit
• Wood shims
• 3.5-inch casing
• Insulation
• Insulated attic access cover

Tools