Alternate stepping, also known as alternate-tread stairs, are a unique and efficient way to reach high places in tight spaces. This innovative stair design reduces the size of a traditional staircase by nearly half without making the climb feel impossible. Ideal for lofts, mezzanines, and compact living spaces, alternate stepping provides a practical alternative to ladders or full-sized staircases when square footage is tight. Here’s everything you need to know.
What Is Alternate Stepping?
Alternate stepping is a stair design that features truncated treads arranged in an alternating pattern. Each step is designed to accommodate one foot at a time, with the tread depth and rise similar to a conventional stair. However, by omitting half of each tread, the overall run of the staircase is reduced by approximately 50%. This compression from front to back creates a much steeper angle than traditional stairs, allowing for vertical access in spaces where a full staircase would be impractical or impossible.
Benefits of Alternate Stepping
Alternate stepping has several advantages over traditional staircases, particularly in situations where space is limited. “We had to scramble for every square inch of space,” says architect Anne Lewis, who used this stair type in a Washington, D.C. home.
Beyond their practical benefits, alternate-tread stairs can be a striking architectural feature. The unique, rhythmic pattern of the treads can become a focal point in modern interiors. High-quality materials and elegant finishes can turn this functional element into a piece of architectural art.
Potential Drawbacks and Safety Considerations
While alternate stepping offers advantages, there are potential drawbacks and safety issues associated with this stair design. One of the primary challenges is the initial learning curve. As Lewis points out, “Mastering the alternate-tread stair takes some practice, because you always have to start with the same foot.” Users must become accustomed to the specific stepping pattern required, which can be initially disorienting. However, most people adapt quickly with regular use.
Getting approval for alternate-tread stairs can also be challenging, as many building codes do not explicitly address this design. They generally limit alternate-tread stairs to use for access to lofts and mezzanines, if they address them at all. Homeowners and architects often need to negotiate with local inspectors to gain approval, which may limit where these stairs can be installed.
Ideal Applications for Alternate Stepping
Alternate stepping is particularly well-suited for areas where space is limited or where a unique design element is wanted.
Loft Access
One of the most common applications for alternate-tread stairs is providing access to loft spaces. These stairs can also maximize usable space in homes with high ceilings or attic conversions. In the Washington, D.C. home mentioned earlier, the stairs connected a primary bedroom to a study loft “tucked under the peak of the roof.”
Mezzanine Connections
Alternate-tread stairs are excellent for connecting mezzanine levels to main floors. They provide a more substantial and permanent solution than ladders while taking up significantly less space than full staircases.
Tiny Homes and Compact Spaces
Alternate stepping is ideal for tiny homes and other compact living spaces. In these environments, every square foot counts, and the reduced footprint of alternate-tread stairs can make a significant difference in the overall layout and functionality.
Urban Apartments
Urban living often comes with the challenge of limited space. Alternate-tread stairs can work well in small apartments, allowing for lofted sleeping areas or additional storage without sacrificing valuable floor space.
Comparing Alternate Stepping To Traditional Stairs
To fully understand alternate stepping, it’s helpful to compare it to traditional staircases across several key factors.
Space Requirements
The most significant difference between alternate stepping and traditional stairs is the space they occupy. Alternate-tread stairs typically require about half the floor space of conventional stairs, making them invaluable in tight quarters. This frees up valuable square footage for other uses in the home or building.
Ease of Use
While traditional stairs are generally easier to use due to their familiar design, alternate stepping can be just as comfortable once you become accustomed to the rhythm. “Once you’re used to the motion, it’s certainly much more elegant—and safer—than climbing a ladder, ” Lewis says. However, traditional stairs may be preferable for frequent use or in high-traffic areas.
Safety Factors
Safety considerations differ between the two stair types. Traditional stairs are generally considered safer for everyday use, especially for children, elderly individuals, or those with mobility issues. Alternate-tread stairs, while safe when used correctly, require more attention and can be challenging for some users. However, they offer an advantage over ladders—as Lewis points out, “You can go down these stairs facing forward, something you could never do on a ladder.”
Building Code Considerations and Approval Process
Navigating building codes and obtaining approval for alternate-tread stairs can be challenging, as many jurisdictions have limited or no specific regulations for this design. Homeowners and architects often need to work closely with local building inspectors to get approval.
Most building codes restrict the use of alternate-tread stairs to accessing lofts, mezzanines, or other infrequently used spaces. When seeking approval, it’s important to emphasize the safety features of the design, such as proper handrails and tread dimensions. Providing examples of successful implementations in similar contexts can also be helpful in the approval process.
Maintenance and Durability
Maintaining alternate-tread stairs is similar to caring for traditional staircases, with a few additional considerations. Regular inspection of treads, risers, and handrails is essential to ensure structural integrity and safety. Due to the unique design, individual treads may experience more focused wear than traditional stairs, so periodic checks for loose or damaged treads are important.
For wooden alternate-tread stairs, applying a durable finish can help protect against wear and make cleaning easier. In high-traffic areas, consider using harder woods or even metal treads for increased durability. If you notice any squeaks or creaks in your alternate-tread stairs, address them promptly to maintain structural integrity and user comfort.
DIY vs. Professional Installation
When deciding whether to attempt a DIY installation or hire a professional, consider you skill level, tools available, and the complexity of the project.
Skills Required for DIY
Installing alternate-tread stairs requires advanced carpentry skills, including precise measurements, cutting, and assembly. DIYers should be comfortable with structural calculations to ensure the stairs can bear the necessary load. Additionally, a thorough understanding of local building codes and the ability to obtain proper permits is important.
When To Hire a Professional
Hiring a professional is the safest and most efficient option for most homeowners. Professionals have the expertise to design and install alternate-tread stairs that meet all safety standards and building codes. They can also navigate the approval process with local authorities more effectively. If your project involves repairing concrete steps or integrating the stairs into an existing structure, we recommend professional help.
Our Conclusion
Alternate stepping is an innovative solution for vertical access in space-constrained environments. While these stairs require some adaptation from users and careful consideration of building codes, they provide an elegant balance of form and function. Their space-saving design makes them invaluable in lofts, tiny homes, and other compact spaces where every square foot counts.