If you’ve noticed reddish stains on your fixtures or a metallic taste in your drinking water, you’re likely dealing with iron contamination. Iron can enter well water in various ways, including the natural breakdown of iron-bearing rocks near your home, or the corrosion of iron pipes in your plumbing system.
No matter what the source, this guide describes effective methods to remove iron and rust from well water, ensuring you have clean, clear, and great-tasting water throughout your home.
Common Signs of Rust and Iron in Well Water
Iron is a naturally occurring element in the earth’s crust, and it’s common for well water to contain some level of iron. However, when iron levels become too high, they can cause issues . Recognizing the signs of iron contamination can help you diagnose and address the well water issue promptly.
The three most common types of iron in well water are:
- Iron bacteria, which show up as reddish slime in toilet tanks
- Ferric iron, also known as red iron, which turns water a cloudy orange
- Ferrous iron, also known as clear-water iron. Ferrous iron doesn’t affect water clarity, but it stains ceramics and clothing and has a rusty taste.
Look for a few of the following signs:
- Reddish-brown stains on sinks, toilets, and other plumbing fixtures
- Discolored or cloudy water, especially when first turned on
- Rust-colored sediment in the bottom of glasses or containers
- Metallic or bitter taste in drinking water
- Unpleasant odor, sometimes described as “rotten eggs” (often associated with iron bacteria)
Testing Your Well Water for Iron Content
If you suspect iron in your well water, determining the exact levels and types of iron present is the first step toward implementing a solution.
There are at-home testing kits that measure iron levels in well water. These kits instruct you to collect a water sample and use reagents to produce a color change that indicates iron concentration. While these tests provide a general idea of iron levels, they may not be as accurate or comprehensive as professional testing.
For a more thorough analysis, consider having your water tested by a certified laboratory. Professional testing can provide accurate measurements of iron levels and identify other potential contaminants.
Ways To Remove Iron from Well Water
In some cases, you may be able to solve the problem yourself. Here are a few DIY options to consider.
Traditional Water Softeners
Water softeners are an effective and economical way to remove low iron levels, so long as the water’s pH isn’t too high. A softener can remove iron under less-than-ideal conditions, but its resin beads fail and need replacement as often as every two to three years.
But while water softeners can be effective for low levels of ferrous iron, they have several drawbacks. They’re not very effective against ferric iron and iron bacteria, and they add sodium to your water, which may be a concern for some individuals
Specialized Iron Removal Systems
When a softener doesn’t work, many specialized iron filters will. They all operate on the same principle: to turn dissolved iron into a solid form that can then be captured by running the water through a bed of minerals.
- Air injection oxidizing filters inject air into the water, oxidizing dissolved iron into its solid form. The oxidized iron is filtered out as the water passes through a mineral bed. These systems are effective for ferrous and ferric iron and require minimal maintenance.
- Chemical oxidation involves introducing a product such as chlorine, hydrogen peroxide, or ozone into the water to convert dissolved iron into its solid form. The oxidized iron is then filtered out. These systems can handle higher levels of iron and are effective against iron bacteria as well.
- Manganese greensand filters use a special filter media that oxidizes and captures iron as water passes through. These filters are recharged periodically with potassium permanganate to maintain their effectiveness. They’re useful for removing both iron and manganese from water.
All of these filters work best with water in the 6.5 to 8 pH range. And they all have to be flushed regularly to remove the buildup of iron particles. The process uses a lot of water, but if the system is calibrated properly, the iron-rich backwash is safe for municipal sewers and septic systems.
When To Consult a Well Water Treatment Professional
While many iron removal solutions can be implemented by homeowners, there are situations where professional assistance is recommended.
- Iron levels exceeding 10 parts per million
- Presence of multiple contaminants requiring complex treatment
- Uncertainty about the best treatment method for your specific water composition
- Installation of whole-house treatment systems
A water treatment professional can provide expert guidance and ensure that your iron removal system is properly sized and installed for optimal performance. The cost to install a water filtration system depends on your house and the type of filtration that you choose. According to Angi.com, the average cost of a well water filter system ranges from $1,000–$4,000.
Maintaining Your Iron Removal System
Any iron-removal system will require regular maintenance. This may include backwashing, replacing filters, and periodic inspections.
- Regular backwashing: Most iron removal systems require backwashing to remove accumulated iron particles and prevent clogging. Follow the manufacturer’s recommendations for backwashing frequency and duration.
- Replacing filters: Over time, filters can become exhausted or fouled. Regular inspection and replacement of filter media as needed will maintain optimal performance.
Preventing Iron Buildup
In addition to treating your water, taking additional steps to prevent iron buildup can help protect your plumbing and appliances:
- Regularly clean faucet aerators and showerheads to remove iron deposits
- Use iron-removing cleaning products on fixtures and appliances
- Consider installing a whole-house sediment filter to capture larger iron particles before they enter your plumbing system
Our Conclusion
The type and level of iron in your water will help determine the most appropriate treatment method, whether it’s adding water softeners or building a specialized iron removal system.
Remember that effective iron removal often requires a multi-step process, including oxidation and filtration. Regular maintenance and monitoring of your chosen system will ensure long-lasting results. If you’re unsure about the best solution for your specific situation, don’t hesitate to consult with a water treatment professional who can provide personalized recommendations based on your water quality and household needs.
