How To Move to Germany (2024 Guide)

Are you thinking about moving to Germany? Explore different visa types, eligibility criteria, financial considerations, and more in our comprehensive guide.

Written by Shane Sentelle Updated 12/04/2024

Moving to a new country is exciting, but you’ll need to undergo a complicated immigration process and adjust to an unfamiliar location. With its strong economy, excellent health care system, and rich history, Germany attracts many expatriates yearly. In this guide, we’ll demystify the German immigration process and offer tips to make your relocation as smooth as possible so you can enjoy the benefits of moving to Germany.

Understanding German Immigration Requirements

Before embarking on your journey to Germany, familiarize yourself with the country’s immigration requirements, including language fluency.

Basic Eligibility Criteria

You must meet the following fundamental requirements before moving to Germany:

Clean criminal record: Germany won’t accept visa applicants who have committed a serious crime.
Constitutional allegiance: Those who wish to become naturalized German citizens must declare allegiance to the constitutional principles. However, a new law passed in 2024 eliminated the requirement for naturalized citizens to renounce their previous citizenship, so they may now hold dual citizenship.
Financial stability: Individuals must prove they can support themselves and won’t need financial welfare from the government.
Knowledge: Individuals must have a basic understanding of the German Constitution and legal system.
Proper visa: Anyone visiting Germany for 90 days or more will need a visa based on the reason for their visit.
Residential permit: You must have the proper residence permit to stay in Germany for a year or more.

After you’ve held a residence permit for five years—or possibly even three depending on your level of integration—you can apply to become a naturalized citizen. At that point, you must take an integration course and pass a naturalization test for full citizenship.

Language Proficiency Expectations

Moving to Germany without basic language proficiency will be more difficult. Speaking German with basic or advanced proficiency is a requirement for some permits. The expected proficiency level depends on your reason for moving to Germany, as follows:

Family reunion visas usually require at least A1 level (beginner).
Most work visas require a B1 level (intermediate).
Students may need to demonstrate B2 level (upper intermediate) for university admission.

Start learning German before your move, as language proficiency can significantly impact your daily life and job prospects.

Short-Term Travel to Germany

As of 2024, U.S. passport holders don’t need a visa to visit Germany for tourism or short-term business purposes—that is, to stay in Germany for less than 90 days within a 180-day period. However, beginning in mid-2025, all U.S. visitors must obtain a European Travel Information and Authorization System (ETIAS) visa waiver to travel to many Schengen Area countries—including Germany—along with a few non-Schengen countries in the European Union (EU) and affiliated non-EU territories. This will consist of a short online application process and a fee of 7 euros. Once issued, it is good for travel to many European countries and territories.

Types of Visas for Moving to Germany

Germany offers various visa options depending on the purpose of your stay. You’ll need a National Visa Category D to stay in the country for 90 days or more. Obtaining one is also the first step in getting a long-term residence permit if you wish to start work immediately.

Educational Visas

Individuals who plan to study in Germany can apply for educational visas. You must prove that you can support yourself financially, and some visa types require language proficiency. You’ll also need a letter of acceptance from an educational institution for most student visas.

Depending on the reason for your studies, you can apply for different educational visa types, which include the following:

Prospective student visas: Individuals can legally enter Germany as they apply for university or course admission. You can obtain this visa even if you haven’t been accepted into a school or program yet. It typically allows you to stay in the country for three months, though you may be able to extend it to six months if you need more time. If a program admits you while you hold this visa, you can apply for a student residence permit.
Student visas: A visa for study purposes allows you to attend a German university or college if you have already been accepted. The visa usually lasts for one year, after which you’ll need to apply for an extended residence permit at your local Alien Registration Office.

Employment Visas

You can obtain a visa if you’ve secured work in Germany. Individuals who plan to work in the country immediately after arrival must apply for their work visa at a German embassy or consulate and must apply for a residence permit before starting their jobs.

There are several work visa types to choose from, including the following:

Blue Card: You can apply for an EU Blue Card if you hold German or equivalent foreign academic qualifications, have a job offer from a German company, and make 45,300 euros per year—or 41,041.80 euros per year in a shortage or bottleneck occupation.*
Professionally experienced: Applicants with extensive qualified experience, a job offer in their field, and a minimum annual salary of 40,770 euros—or 49,830 euros if you are over 45—can apply for this visa.
Qualified professionals: Individuals may apply for a work visa if they’ve accepted a job that an employer couldn’t fill with an EU national. You must have German or equivalent foreign qualifications for the position.

*These salary requirements are accurate as of 2024 but subject to change.

You must present the following items during the visa application process:

An employment contract or job offer letter
Curriculum vitae
Personal cover letter stating your intent
Proof of health insurance
Proof of qualifications, such as a diploma or professional certificate
Proof of residence

Family Reunion Visas

A German citizen’s spouse, partner, or child can apply for residency. You can also apply if your family member is a foreign national working or studying in the country but the German resident must meet the following guidelines:

Be at least 18 years of age
Can financially support the spouse, partner, or child
Know the German language
Possess a settlement permit in the form of an EU card, residence permit, or EU long-term resident permit

Children of German residents also have to meet certain criteria. An adult child may join their parent only to prevent unavoidable hardship and the individual must not be married. Minor children can apply for a visa if both parents reside in Germany. A single parent can apply for family reunion if they have sole custody of their minor child. If parents share custody, the other parent must grant them custody to qualify.

You must submit the following items to apply for a family reunion visa:

Copy of spouse, partner, or child’s passport
Original birth or marriage certificate
Proof of address, such as a utility bill
Proof of German housing, such as a rental agreement
Proof of language level, which must be A1 for this visa

Job Search Opportunity Card

If you don’t have a job yet but wish to look for one, you can typically stay in Germany for at least one year under this visa type. If you received your qualifications in Germany, or if Germany recognizes your foreign qualifications, you can immediately apply for this residence permit. If you hold a foreign qualification that Germany may not recognize, you must demonstrate a German language level of A1 or higher and earn points through a ranking system. You can receive points for categories such as age, professional experience, and qualifications in a shortage occupation, and you’ll need six points to qualify for the opportunity card.

You must submit the following items during the visa application process:

Cover letter stating your intent
Proof of financial means
Proof of health coverage
Proof of housing
Resume
University degree or certificate

Research Visas

A research visa allows researchers and guest scientists to study in Germany for an extended period. You must have a doctorate or similar degree to qualify. You must receive an admission contract or agreement to study at a university or an organization’s research department.

Securing this visa can take between two weeks and six months depending on the number of applicants. You must provide the following items to qualify for this visa:

Acceptance letter from an organization or university under which you’ll conduct research
Proof of education credentials
Proof of German housing, such as a rental agreement
Proof of health insurance coverage
Written statement declaring that you can support yourself during residency

You can stay in Germany for up to 18 months after your research contract expires to secure work, but your job must match your qualifications.

Self-Employment Visas

Self-employed or freelance workers can obtain a visa to work in Germany. This work permit allows you to start your business and obtain a residence permit if you meet the following criteria:

Your business fulfills economic demand.
Your business will create positive economic growth.
You can meet financial expectations through your capital or from a loan.
You have an established pension fund if you’re 45 years or older.

Individuals who want to pursue a liberal profession may qualify for a freelancer visa instead. You can register your freelance business under the tax office and work as a freelancer for three months before converting your visa into a residence permit.

Germany recognizes professionals as freelancers if they work in the following industries:

Business and tax consulting
Health care
Language and information (interpreters, journalists, translators, etc.)
Law
Science and technology (engineers, chemists, architects, etc.)

Self-employment visas and residence permits last up to three years, but the government may extend them if you can prove financial stability.

Other Visa Options

Individuals can file for other visas if they’d like to enter the country as an au pair or for an internship. You must meet the following requirements:

Au pair: Those seeking a visa to work as an au pair must be between 18 and 27 years old and understand basic German. You can’t work for a family that shares your nationality.
Internship: Your internship must be linked to your studies and the government considers it part-time work, even if it’s unpaid.

Each of these visa types has specific eligibility criteria and application processes.

Types of German Residency Permits

Germany requires individuals to obtain a German residence permit if they’re in the country for more than 90 days. U.S. citizens can file for a residence permit without first obtaining a visa as long as they do so in person at a German immigration office (Ausländerbehörde) within 90 days of arrival. However, you can’t start work until immigration authorities grant your residence permit, so if you wish to start immediately, apply for a work visa or residence permit before leaving the United States.

You can file for one of the three following residence permit types:

EU Blue Card: The EU Blue Card allows highly skilled workers working in a high-demand industry, such as technology, to live in the country for up to four years or the length of their employment contract. You must have an advanced degree, have a job offer in Germany, and receive a minimum salary.
Permanent settlement permit: The settlement permit is available to those living in Germany for a specific time frame depending on their visa type. You may need to meet certain criteria, such as paying into the pension plan for 36 months and passing the integration course.
Temporary residence permit: This permit allows you to live and work or study in the country for the duration of your visa.

Navigating the German Visa Application Process

Applying for a German visa requires careful preparation and attention to detail. Make sure you start early enough and have the documentation you need.

Required Documents

While specific requirements may vary depending on your visa type, common documents include the following:

Completed visa application form
Health insurance coverage
Passport-sized photographs
Proof of accommodation in Germany
Proof of financial means
Relevant educational or professional certificates
Valid passport

For work visas, you’ll also need to provide your employment contract and proof of qualifications. Students should include their university admission letter or language course enrollment confirmation.

Application Timeline

The visa application process can take several weeks or months depending on your visa type and country of origin. We’d recommend doing the following:

Start gathering the required documents at least 3–4 months before your planned move.
Submit your application at least 6–8 weeks before your intended travel date.
Allow extra time for potential delays or requests for additional information.

After Arriving in Germany

Once you arrive in Germany, you must register your residence right away. You can then start taking other practical steps to settle into your new life overseas.

Registering Your Residence

Within two weeks of moving into your new home, you must register your address at your local registration office (Einwohnermeldeamt). You’ll need the following documents:

Passport
Registration form (Anmeldeformular)
Rental agreement or proof of property ownership

This registration facilitates many aspects of life in Germany, including opening a bank account and obtaining a residence permit.

Obtaining Housing

Most expats in Germany choose to rent, at least initially. Renting offers flexibility and requires less upfront investment. However, you might consider buying a property if you plan to stay long-term. Keep the following in mind:

Buying property often requires a substantial down payment (20–30% of the purchase price).
Non-EU citizens may face additional requirements when purchasing property.
Rental contracts in Germany are typically long-term and offer strong tenant protections.

Opening a German Bank Account

If you plan to stay in Germany long-term, you’ll need a German bank account to manage your finances and avoid paying overseas fees and exchange rates to withdraw money. To open an account, you’ll likely need the following documents:

Passport or ID
Proof of address (Anmeldung)
Proof of income or employment contract

Many banks offer services in English, making it easier for expats to manage their accounts.

Understanding German Customs

Familiarizing yourself with German customs and etiquette can help you navigate social situations more comfortably. Consider the following cultural norms:

Direct communication is common and appreciated.
Germans rely heavily on public transportation, so familiarize yourself with these routes.
Punctuality is highly valued in both personal and professional settings.
Recycling and environmental consciousness are important parts of German culture.
Some German towns enforce quiet hours for their residents.
There is an emphasis on work-life balance, with a clear separation between work and personal time.

Understanding Health Insurance

Germans are required to have health care coverage. Roughly 90% of the population is enrolled in statutory health insurance (gesetzliche Krankenversicherung or GKV) administered by nongovernmental insurers called “sickness funds.” Individuals and employers finance sickness funds through general and supplementary wage contributions. Public health insurance is sufficient for most residents and offers comprehensive coverage.

If your annual salary exceeds 69,300 euros, private plans (private Krankenversicherung or PKV) are available for purchase. Private insurance may offer more extensive coverage and shorter waiting times but can be more expensive, especially as you age.

Financial Considerations When Moving to Germany

When budgeting for a move to Germany, factor in moving costs and any cost of living differences.

Cost of Moving to Germany

Moving is expensive and it gets even pricier when moving internationally. The cost of moving includes many factors, such as your moving date and the services you’ll require. An overseas move may require additional services, including customs clearance, vehicle shipping, and logistics management.

According to the moving company International Van Lines, the estimated cost to move from the United States to Europe ranges from $5,000–$13,500 for a two- to three-bedroom home. You’ll need to cover the following costs:

Customs and import fees and taxes
International flights
Moving insurance
Packing and unpacking
Shipping and delivery costs
Visa application

Cost of Living in Germany

According to Numbeo, the average cost of living in Germany—not including rent—is about 9.7% lower than in the United States. Even better, rent is about 44.4% cheaper in Germany. However, average purchasing power and salary after taxes are lower than in the United States. Gasoline, basic utilities, jeans, and other select items are generally more expensive, while groceries are cheaper. Western Germany has a higher cost of living than eastern Germany and cities such as Munich and Berlin are more expensive than rural areas.

*Percentages retrieved from Numbeo are accurate as of November 25, 2024, and subject to change.

Our Conclusion

Many Americans move to Germany for its affordable cost of living, abundant education and job opportunities, and vibrant culture. Research visa types and eligibility requirements before you apply.
We recommend hiring professional movers when moving overseas. Request moving quotes from multiple companies to assess your needs and get the most competitive price. You can also save by packing up your house yourself instead of leaving it for your movers.

FAQ About Moving to Germany

What are the benefits of moving to Germany?

The benefits of moving to Germany include the low cost of living, robust health care system, excellent public transportation, high-quality education system, and strong economy.

Is it easy to find a job in Germany?

Finding a job in Germany is easier than in some other European countries, but the job market is still competitive. Expats will have an easier time finding roles in high-demand fields such as education or technology. You will have a better chance of securing a role if you speak German.

Can I move to Germany without a job?

Yes, you can move to Germany without a job if you obtain a job search opportunity card. You can stay in the country for a year while you search for a job.

How much money do I need to immigrate to Germany?

To immigrate to Germany, you must have enough money to demonstrate that you can financially support yourself in the country. Budget between $4,450 and $12,000 for your moving expenses depending on several factors, such as where you’re moving from, what you’re bringing, and where you’re headed.

Can you move to Germany with pets?

Yes, you can move to Germany with pets if you adhere to specific guidelines. The country requires you to vaccinate dogs and cats for rabies at least 21 days before entering. Certain dog breeds are banned, including American Staffordshire terriers, bull terriers, pit bull terriers, and Staffordshire terriers.

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