An inch of rain may seem minor, but it can send nearly 1,900 gallons of water rushing off an average household roof. Without a reliable gutter system, that water can damage your home’s foundation, siding, landscaping, and more.
Inspect your gutters closely. If they show signs of wear or damage, you may need to replace the system. This guide answers common questions about gutters and shares practical tips for installation and maintenance from gutter experts featured in This Old House’s magazine and television series.
Anatomy of a Gutter System
Gutters attach to the eaves in two ways: to the fascia, which are the boards that cover rafter ends, or to the roof. Fascia-hung gutters are sturdier and more secure, according to This Old House’s magazine. Before embarking on a gutter project, it’s a good idea to learn some of the vocabulary so you know the parts of a gutter system and what they do.
- Gutter: Your gutter is a trough that captures water shedding off the roof.
- End cap: An end cap closes the end of the gutter.
- Fascia bracket: This support system attaches to your home’s eaves and supports the gutters from below.
- Downspout: Also known as a leader, the downspout conveys water from the gutter to the ground.
- Downspout bracket: These devices secure the downspout to the side of the house.
- Elbow: Elbows are used to change the direction of the downspout.
Gutter Materials
The biggest decision you’ll need to make when choosing a new gutter system is the material. Here’s a closer look at the materials used to make gutters, along with their pros, cons, and price points.
Vinyl Gutters
Vinyl is the least expensive, most DIY-friendly option because the sections just snap together. Your color choices are limited, although vinyl gutters can be painted.
Vinyl won’t rust or rot but becomes brittle in extreme cold and intense sun. It can also bend and bow under heavy rain, wind, and snow loads. Thus, vinyl gutters are best suited to mild climates, and they’re less durable than those made of other materials.
Cost: $11.92–$34.41 per foot
Note: We calculated the cost information in this guide using RSMeans data from Gordian.™ RSMeans is a construction cost database used by thousands of contractors to generate their project pricing.
Aluminum Gutters
Aluminum gutters are low-cost, won’t rust, and come in an array of colors, including finishes that resemble aged copper and zinc. Aluminum gutters may be seamless or available in sections held together with rivets or screws and sealed with caulk. Lightweight aluminum is susceptible to denting and bending, but heavyweight aluminum lasts much longer. Aluminum is also one of our favorite gutter materials for metal roofs.
Cost: $13.17–$34.52 per foot
Pro tip: Select thicker-gauge aluminum gutters, with a measurement of 0.032-inch or higher, for better stability and strength, according This Old House’s magazine.
Steel Gutters
Steel gutters are known for their strength and durability, making them an excellent choice for homes in areas with extreme weather conditions. They’re less likely to crack or warp compared to other materials and can handle heavy loads of snow and ice. However, steel gutters are prone to rust over time if not properly maintained and can be heavier, making installation more challenging.
Cost: $16.78–$37.17 per foot
Zinc Gutters
Zinc gutters are prized for their durability and low maintenance requirements. Over time, they develop a natural patina that protects against corrosion and gives them a distinctive, attractive appearance. However, they’re more expensive upfront compared to other materials and require professional installation due to their complexity.
Cost: $36.18–$61.84 per foot
Copper Gutters
Copper gutters are highly regarded for their durability, aesthetic appeal, and long lifespan. They develop a beautiful patina over time, transitioning from a shiny, reddish-brown to a distinctive green hue. Copper gutters can last over 50 years with proper maintenance, making them a long-term investment. However, they’re among the most expensive gutter materials and require professional installation due to their weight and the need for specialized tools and techniques.
Pro tip: If you don’t want your copper gutters to develop a green hue, look into varieties that have a tin-zinc plating, as those will have a gray hue over time.
Cost: $29.85–$51.52 per foot
Shape of Gutters
The second big decision to make is the shape of your new gutters. Half-round and K-style gutters are the two most popular types on residential buildings, and most materials should be available in these two styles.
Half-Round
This semicircular trough with its curled front lip or bead is a natural fit on traditional homes. In fact, if you have a historic home, you may be required to install these gutters. Half-round gutters go best with round downspouts, which drain water more efficiently than rectangular ones.
Half-round gutters most commonly come in 5- and 6-inch widths, but you can also find 7- and 8-inch widths. Their curved sidewalls allow half-rounds to drain more thoroughly than K-style, making them useful in climates that experience heavy rainfall, says Augustin Crookston, a gutter guard installer featured on This Old House’s television series. The drawback to this style is it tends to be more expensive and difficult to install, since the shape requires supporting brackets to be installed along the fascia.
K-Style
This is the most common gutter shape. It has a flat bottom and a profiled face that resembles crown molding. The flat surface can be installed directly against a house’s fascia without brackets. K-style gutters are often fitted with rectangular downspouts.
Again, these gutters are most commonly available in 5- and 6-inch widths, but 7- and 8-inch widths may also be available. K-styles can handle more than twice the runoff of a half-round of the same width, but they move the water more slowly. Their shape also makes them more difficult to clean, since debris can get stuck in the sharp angles.
Other Gutter Decisions To Make
Once you’ve got your material and shape picked out, there are a few more decisions to make.
Seamed vs. Seamless Gutters
Traditional gutters of all materials and styles come in prefabricated lengths and cut to fit the dimensions of your home. This means they necessarily include seams that have to be sealed or soldered shut, and when gutters crack or leak, they tend to fail at the seams.
A newer alternative to this is a seamless gutter system. These systems are customized out of the material of your choice—vinyl or metal—to your home’s exact dimensions and extruded from a single piece of that material, without seams. There are no joints to seal or visible seams, and over time, seamless gutters are less likely to leak, making them easier to maintain.
The tradeoff is cost. Seamless gutter installation is substantially more expensive and must be done by a professional. Additionally, if repairs are needed, the entire length of gutter will need to be replaced.
Debris Filters
Over time, all gutters will gather debris like dirt, leaves, twigs, pine needles, and other refuse. This slows water flow and eventually leads to clogging. Debris guards can reduce this clogging. Keep in mind that no debris filter is perfect—you’ll still have to clean your gutters periodically, no matter what the manufacturer promises. Many of these guards can actually make cleaning more difficult, since they will need to be removed and replaced every time.
Accessories
The following products aren’t necessary for every gutter system, but they can provide functionality and flair, adding to your home’s curb appeal.
Rain Chain
Replacing a traditional downspout, a rain chain leads water from the gutter directly to the ground, without any clog-prone elbows. They’re typically anchored to a gravel dry well, and they can be decorative or rustic to fit your style. They work best for houses with deep overhangs, as chains tend to splash during downpours.
Conductor Head
Also called a leader or collector head, a conductor head is installed on the downspout, usually near the roof eave. It gives the downspout extra time to drain in a downpour or consolidate runoff from multiple gutters. Conductor heads also add a bit of visual appeal to a highly visible part of a gutter system.
Pro tip: Tom Silva, This Old House’s general contractor, suggests installing bigger downspouts, sized 4-inch round or 3-by-4-inch rectangular, in your gutter system to help prevent clogs and water overflow.
Decorative Boot
Fitted to the bottom of a downspout, a decorative boot provides a classy and rugged exit point for water.
Gutter Mounting Methods
Gutters attach to the eaves in one of two ways: to the fascia (the boards that cover rafter ends) or the roof. Fascia-hung gutters are sturdier and more secure, but if the fascia is nonexistent or covered with crown molding, roof mounting may be your only choice.
For Plumb Fascia: Bracket
In this method, an external bracket cradles the gutter trough from underneath, so it’s open and easy to clean. To properly support the gutter, place a bracket every 32 inches, or every 24 inches in snow country.
For Plumb Fascia: Hanger
Hangers cross over the open top of the gutter to support the far edge. They bridge the interior of the gutter, largely hidden from view, but they interfere with cleaning. Hangers with built-in screws hold better than spikes and don’t mar gutter faces.
For Angled Fascia: Wedge
If your fascia are angled, you’ll need to use hardware that adjusts for this so that the gutters hang correctly. Wedge inserts like these level gutters front to back. The T-wedge (shown) works best with fascia hangers. For fascia brackets, use solid wedges, like those from Classic Gutter Systems LLC.
For Everything Else: Roof Hanger
We only recommend using roof hangers as a last resort. In areas with severe winds or winters, choose hangers with rods, which are stronger than flat straps.
Gutter Maintenance
A new gutter system will last anywhere from a few years to the lifetime of your house, depending on the material you choose and how well they’re installed and maintained.
If trees tower over them, gutters need periodic cleaning, even when fitted with gutter guards. Pine needles are especially notorious for causing clogs. Gutters should typically be cleaned about twice a year, though this will depend on the amount of debris that tends to accumulate.
One way or another, debris will find its way into your gutters, and someone—you or a gutter service—will have to climb a ladder and clean them out. You should also take this opportunity to inspect the gutters for leaks, cracks, or loosened connections. Here are some basic tricks of the trade to make the job easier.
Installing a gutter guard can make gutter cleanings more frequent as they keep debris out of your gutters. Which gutter guard is best for you will depend on your home. Metal roofs have a different set of best gutter guards compared to traditional roofs, for instance.
Read More: Best Gutter Guards for Metal Roofs
- Use a standoff. A standoff lets you rest a ladder against the roof instead of your gutters or siding, preventing gutter scratches and dents and increasing ladder stability.
- Stay on the ladder. Falls are more likely if you work from the roof.
- Protect your hands. Wear gloves and use a gutter scoop.
- Start at the downspout. You’ll give standing water a way out.
- Check the elbows. If clogged, use a forceful spray from a hose to open them up. Otherwise, take them apart, drilling out any rivets, then reassemble the pieces with short, stainless-steel sheet-metal screws.
- Flush. Once gutters are clean and downspouts are reattached, hose them down to make sure they’re draining as they should.
- Check the brackets or hangers. Tighten, relocate, or replace hardware if it’s loose or if water accumulates in low spots.
- Seal leaks. When the gutter is dry, fill small holes and seams from the inside using a butyl-based gutter caulk. Scrape away old caulk and clean the surface before applying the new stuff.
- Pro advice: One good way to prevent clogs is to fit your gutters with big downspouts, either 4-inch round or 3-by-4-inch rectangular. Bigger downspouts also allow a gutter to handle more runoff without overflowing.
DIY vs. Professional Gutter Installation
Choosing between installing gutters yourself or hiring a professional depends on your skills, time, and budget. If you’re good at home improvement projects and have the right tools, doing it yourself can save you money. DIY installation means you won’t have to pay for labor, which can be expensive. However, it’s important to be honest about your abilities. Working on a ladder and making sure everything is sealed properly can be tricky.
Pro tip: Gene Stucky, a gutter installation contractor featured in This Old House’s magazine, recommends installing your gutters with a 1/4-inch slope for every 10 feet of gutter run. “The easiest way to check pitch [is by] dumping a bucket of water [into the gutters] and watch how the water flows,” he adds.
Hiring a professional is often the better choice if you want to make sure the job is done right. Pros have the experience and tools to handle different types of gutters and rooflines. They can spot problems like damaged fascia or incorrect slopes that you might miss. Although hiring a professional costs more upfront, it can save you time and prevent mistakes that could be costly to fix later. Plus, many pros offer a warranty on their work, giving you peace of mind.
If your house is large, has multiple stories, or you’re not comfortable with DIY projects, hiring a professional is the best option. It ensures the gutters are installed correctly and safely. But if you have a one-story home, feel confident in your DIY skills, and want to save money, doing it yourself can be a rewarding project. Just make sure to weigh your options carefully and consider the potential risks and benefits.
Our Conclusion
Gutters are essential to protect your home and foundation from water damage. Depending on your budget and preferences, you can opt for an unobtrusive, practical system or add a bit of decoration or luxury. Vinyl and aluminum gutter installation on a one-story home can be a project for an experienced DIYer, but we strongly recommend hiring professional gutter installers for multistory homes and other types of metal gutters.
